Pengertian Narrative Beserta Contoh dan Generic Structure

Teks naratif pada dasarnya adalah teks yang menceritakan tentang sesuatu hal yang tidak benar-benar terjadi melainkan hanya di karang oleh sipenulis(Writer). teks naratif bertujuan untuk menghibur, untuk mendapat dan mempertahankan perhatian pembaca / pendengar cerita. Teks naratif bertujuan juga untuk mendidik, memberitahu, menyampaikan refleksi tentang pengalaman pengarangnya, dan yang tak kurang pentingnya ialah untuk mengembangkan imajinasi pembaca / pendengar. Teks naratif umumnya bersifat imajiner, tetapi ada juga teks naratif yang bersifat faktual, yaitu menceritakan kejadian yang sesungguhnya.. 

Narrative Bermakna :

Ø      Sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan.

Ø      Bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog.

Ø      Praktik atau seni bercerita) 

Cirir – Ciri Narative Text :

1. Partisipan yang specific dan sering individual
2. Banyak action verbs ( material processes), dan ada juga yang menggunakan verbal and mental processes.
3. Biasanya menggunakan Past tense.
4. Banyak menggunakan lingking Words yang berkenaan dengan waktu.
5. Sering memasukkan dialog, dan tense akan mungkin berubah.
6. Descriptive language digunakan untuk menciptkan imaji dibenak pembaca.
7. Dapat ditulis sebagai orang pertama (1), atau ketiga ( he, she, they ).

Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.

Exmple Narrative Text : 

The Monkeys and The Cap Seller 

Once, a cap seller was passing through a jungle. He was very tired and needed to rest. Then, he stopped and spread a cloth under a tree. He placed his bag full of caps near him and lay down with his cap on his head. The cap seller had a sound sleep for one hour. When he got up, the first thing he did was to look into his bag. He was startled when he found all his caps were not there.

             When he looked up the sky, he was very surprised to see monkeys sitting on the branches of a tree, each of the monkeys is wearing a cap of on its head. They had evidently done it to imitate himHe decided to get his caps back by making a humble request to the monkeys. In return, the monkeys only made faces of him. When he begun to make gesture, the monkeys also imitated him.


At last he found a clever idea. " Monkeys are a great imitator," he thought. So he took off his own cap and threw it down on the ground. And as he had expected, all the monkeys took off the caps and threw the caps down on the ground. Quickly, he stood up and collected the caps, put them back into his bag and went away.

The Generic Structure of above Narrative Story Is :

• Orientation: The cap seller as the participant (main character), once time as time setting, and in the jungle as place setting. We note from discussion that the elements of orientation is shortly answering who, when and where of the story.
• Complication: The cap seller wants the monkeys to bring back his caps but the monkeys do not return them. Of course this makes the cap seller face a problem. Complication in a narrative text is not always in single problem. That is we know a major conflict and minor conflict.
• Resolution: The cap seller gets the monkey to bring back the cap by acting of throwing his own cap. The monkeys imitate what he has done so the problem is is solved. This story has happy ending as the cap seller has his caps returned.

Junha’s Wonders

Once upon a time, there was a small village in Baghdad, with a small population. In this village, everybody knew each other and about every problem in the village. There was a bakery that was popular for its delicious bread.

            One day, a poor old man was walking along the street. When he passed, the bakery, he stopped to smell the scent of the bread being emitted. Suddenly, the baker caught the old man and shouted at him, demanding the prince of the bread’s  scent. He almost dragged him to the police. A very famous wise man named Junha heard the baker shouting. So, he approached him and asked about the problem.  Junha stood calmly listening to the baker, as he thought about a solution.

            After a few minutes, Junha’s eyes glistened and an amused smile was on his face. He asked the baker, “How much money do you want?” The baker and the poor man were astonished, but the baker answered , “3 dinars.”  Junha took the money out of his wallet and put it in his pocket and shook the money. “Did you hear the sound of the money?” Junha asked. “Yes, I did,” the baker replied and with a big smile Junha said, “Well then, this costs the same as your bread’s scent.”

1. Generic Structur of the text

• Orientation : Orientation of the text is once upon a time, there was a small village in Baghdad, with a small population
• Complication : Complication of the text is one day, a poor old man was walking along the street. When he passed, the bakery, he stopped to smell the scent of the bread being 
• Resolution : Resolution of the text is a very famous wise man named Junha heard the baker shouting. So, he approached him and asked about the problem. Junha stood calmly listening to the baker, as he thought about a solution      
• Re-orientation :  Re-orientation of the text is we shouldn’t ask other to pay for what they don’t buy

2. The moral lesson of the text

  We shouldn’t ask other to pay for what they don’t buy.
   Don’t be greedy